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TO ALL` WHQM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, THOMAS Born, of Cambridgoport, in the county of Middlesex, andl State of Massachusetts, have invented certain improvements in Ventilatore for Buildings, Mining Shafts, Btc.; of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference` being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of'this specification, in which-- l Figure 1 is an elevation of my improved ventilator.

Figure 2 is a central vertical section through the same.

Figure 3 is a plan of the lower portion of the same.

My invention consists in a ventilator `for buildings, mining shafts, duc., provided with a metallic chamber (either with or without glazed'oricea) for conducting' the heat of the suns rays to the air within the same, so as to produce an upward current of air through the`ventilator. Another part of my inventionconsists in making a ventilator which will operate in the absence of the suns rays, by giving a rotary motion to the air within the same, by means of currents introduced from the outside, assisted by artificial heat introduced into the ventilator l `To enable others chilled in the art to understand and usemy invention, I will proceed to describethe manner in which I have carried it out.

In the said drawings, A-is a chamber within the main body or outer casingl of the ventilator, which may be globular, hexagonal, or of any sn'itable form. B is the main pipe through which the air is drawn up from the apartment below; around this pipe, B, and communicatingwith the external air, are arranged a series of short tubes, a, which are inclined as seen is figs. 2 and 3, so'as to impart a rotary motion to the upward current of air, and thus increase its strength and velocity. Three tubes, b, bent at their upper ends and communicating with the external air, are also arranged within the chamber, A; these tubes discharging thevair with a rotary motion in the same direction as the tubes, u, below, and assisting the current as it passes to the main outlet, C.

The upper half of the main body of the ventilator is provided with a series of lenses, c, placed at suitable.

i distan-ces apartover its entire surface, and the heating raysfof the sun passing through the lenses, are to a considerable extent concentrated directlyon to a hollow metallic ball, D, (painted black -orother dark color,)

which is suspended in the centre of the chamber, A, as will be more particularly described hereafter, and is provided with an opening, 5, at the bottom, and perforated at the top at 6, as seen in g. 2.4 The ball, D, is thus heated to a considerable degree, as are also, in a. lesser degree, the other metallic surfaceswithinthe chamber, A; and the radiation of heat from these surfaces causesthe' air within ,the chamber, A, to become rapidly and continuously heated so long as the sun shines, producing a strong upward 'current as required. The upper portion of the main body of the ventilator, around the discharge opening, C, is notched in the ordinary manner, and above this opening is placed a cap, E, which is supported on a pipe, F, which passes through it, and is secured at its lower end to a ring, d, which is supported by thehollow rods, b. The under surface of the cap, E, is made slightly convex, so as to deflect the air and facilitate its discharge from the opening, AC, and this under surface is made of metal or other material capable of receiving and retaining a smooth polished surface, so as to present no obstruction to the air coming in contact with it from the opening, C. 'Within the pipe, F, are arranged a series of twisted or grooved tubes, e, and in the centre is secured a twisted or grooved tube, f, which extends up above the top of the pipe, F, as seen in iig. 2. The air, as it passes up the main pipe, B, first comes` in contact "with the heated'ball, D, a portion passing up through its interior and into the central twisted tube, f, (where the draught is .the greatestQ/and another portion passing around the exterior surface of the ball, and up through the twisted tube's, e, to thedischarge opening at the top of the pipe, F, which is notched as seen in iig. 2; and these tubes, ef, together with the tubes, a b, above mentioned, serve to increase lthe strength of the upward current and cause the ventilator to operate in the absence of the suns rays. To still further aid ventilation in lthe absence of the suns rays, artificial heat may be introduced from a furnace or other heating apparatus, by means of a pipe or pipes, 7, (fig. 2,) into the hollow ball, D, and chamber, A, so as to heat the same and increase the upward current. .The upper'end of the pipe,

F,.where the air is discharged, is covered by a'conical cap, G, which rests on a flange, g, on the tube, f, and is `so hung and balanced, that a. slight current of air will cause it to vibrate, vand olole the side toward thawind vis yalso p and open,; in a corresponding degree, the opposite'side so as to permit the air to be freely discharged on that side. rIliis ca'pfG, is furnished with lenses, h,-the heat'poduced by which increases the force of the upward current as'vhei'o'ro'descrihed. The upper surface of the-cap, E, is made convex, so as to facilitate the discharge of the air 'from beneath the cap', G'. lTo the t'op'of' the tube, f, is'se'oued a hollow ball, k1I, the upper portion of which v'ided with lense-5,1', and at'theV top of: this ball, H, is an opening', j, which forms a discharge orifice for the `a1r passinglup througlithe'tube, frandthis' opening is stu-mounted by a cap, I, supported on rods, k, the und' t:v 1n hev e'a'vp,` andthess'lenses, together with those in the` ball, H, serve to'incresse the force of the up Vard c'nrrentfi'*a'ir'iirther manner beiore's'pecihedi 'On' top of the cap, I, is a ball, '17, 'into which is screwed the e'xido'f' addng rod; rn,t'o the lower'endo'f which is screwed the hollow ball, D, `which is thus sus'pended in the c cnlr'eof'the chamberjAyas're'qnired. Instead of lenses,zas above described, plain glass or other translucent material'may'be employedif preferred. I do riot"c`onfin'e myselfy to the nuizubexlofk twisted tubes, e f, as one or more may he employedv as may be deemed preferable; the tubes a b may also be used in connection with the tubes `e f, or eitlernia'yA be used separately; and instead of twisted tubes, smooth tubes may be used, as they answer a' good'purpose in some localities. The chamber, A, may be of metal or other conducting material without the glazed orifices above described, relying upon the power of the sun to heat the outer chamber only.

'surfac of the cap being-polished'andsliglitly convex to facilitate the discharge of the air. Three lenses,

To d o this more eectually, I paint the outside black, or some other darli color, to attract the heating rays of y the sun.

The two portions of -my invention, above described, may be advantageously combined in the same ventilator,

or either of them may be used separately if desired.

, Ulam.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,'is

The method ofvventilating buildings,etc:, by the useof a. metallic chamber conducting the heat of the sun's rays to the air'within the same, wither withoutg'lztzed'oriiices, operhtiig substantially as described.

I also claim the combination of the above, described' metallic' chamber having' gla'zed'orifices, with an interior metallic surface, whether:globular'or'otherform,'so arranged as'toreceive the heating rsysof the sun and radiate'the-heat'to the airwithinthe.'chamber'substan'tially as'setforth;

I also claim the employin'lent'of orifices in'th'e metallic' ch'anib'enlledk with plain glass, lenses, or other tran'slucent'm'z'tteral, toallowthe direct transmission of the's'un'sI rays to the'air within the ysaid metallic chamber, ,operating'substantially :is described.'

Ialso claim, in combination with the above, the vibrating'cap G, operating substantially as described for thc'pu'rpose 'set forth. I v n I l I also claim the use of the tub'es a Z, so arrangedas to produce s. rotary motion of the "air within the chamber A, substantially as described. V

I'also claim .the use 'of one or more twisted or smooth tubes e f, in combination with'the chamber A, substan'tially as and for the purpose set"i`o'rth'.

Ifalso claim 'introducing articialiheat froma furnace or other heating apparatus, in'to 'the hollow ball D, and chamber A,y seas to heat the sam'c and increase the upward current in the absence of the lsunsjrays, substantially as described. f l

' THOMAS BOYD.l

Witncssos:'

P. E. Tnscnssrncnns, W. J. CAMBRIDGE. 

